Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are difficult and complicated and cause high costs for clinical therapy and basic research due to unknown and puzzling mechanisms. The treatment of CNS disorders needs systematic drugs that can pass through the brain barrier to target specific receptors. Until now, such drugs have severe side effects. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has recently become highly recognized as therapeutic medicine and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Clinical trials, drug development, and basic research of CAM are increased dramatically because of gradual development and knowledge. The current special issue is diversified with several novel and crucial articles concerning CAM. The CNS is a complex and sophisticated system, and today, CNS disorders are categorized and treated considering critical single or multiple targets. The traditional healers, particularly herbal medicine practitioners, focus on a typical category of disease commensurate with their knowledge and experience rather than employing a specific single biomarker targeted therapy. However, this review highlights ethnobotanical together with the respective experimental records focused on broadly categorized CNS disorders. The reviewed plant species, as a group, have been recommended against almost all classical types of CNS disorders. Numerous plant natural products have been reported to have beneficial effects on the human CNS. Two general postulates try to explain why natural products elicit effects on the human CNS: firstly, due to the connection of the numerous molecular signaling pathways that are conserved between the taxa and the systematic actions in natural product synthesis within plants. The second hypothesis is that plant natural products exhibit similar effects on the nervous systems of humans and the most prevalent natural herbivores, via the same mechanisms . Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants as a complementary and alternative therapy has additionally the great significance for conserving cultural traditions and identities. Moreover, community healthcare is fostered and interesting leads for future drug development projects can be found. From this perspective, ethnopharmacological data of medicinal plants on CNS disorders will ease the identification of important species utilized in traditional medicine. In this review, we summarize ethnopharmacological knowledge of all currently known popular CNS active herbal remedies in Bangladesh. Additionally, we provided more details on six selected species: Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Cyperus rotundus, Morinda citrifolia, and Withania somnifera. This review on species from Bangladesh is intended to stimulate the interest in a deeper evaluation of the mentioned species as potential sources for structurally and functionally novel CNS active drug leads or hits.