Microbe

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A microbe, or “microscopic organism,” is a living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. We need to use a microscope to see them. The human body is home to microbes from all of these categories. Microscopic plants are also considered microbes, though they don’t generally live on or in the human body.

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that have no nucleus and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Bacteria are the direct descendants of the first organisms that lived on Earth, with fossil evidence going back about 3.5 billion years.Most bacteria are much smaller than our own cells, though a few are much larger and some are as small as viruses. They usually do not have any membrane-wrapped organelles (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum), but they do have an outer membrane. Most bacteria are also surrounded by at least one layer of cell wall. Bacteria are a huge and diverse group. Its members have many shapes, sizes, and functions, and they live in just about every environment on the planet.

Fungi are single-celled or multicellular organisms with nuclei and with cell walls made of chitin. They also have membrane-wrapped organelles, including mitochondria. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food.Familiar fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Yeasts live as small, individual cells, between the size of bacteria and our own cells. Molds and mushrooms are actually the fruiting bodies of fungi that live as long, microscopic fibers.
Fungi are important decomposers in most ecosystems. Their long, fibrous cells can penetrate plants and animals, breaking them down and extracting nutrients. Several species of fungi, mostly yeasts, live harmlessly on the human body.

The "microbe" category includes microscopic plants. Most microscopic plants are counted among the “green algae” (a general term), and they live as single cells (sometimes with flagella) or long fibers. Plant cells have membrane-wrapped compartments, they’re surrounded by both an outer membrane and a cell wall made of cellulose, and they have chloroplasts for making their own food.Microscopic plants generally do not live in or on the human body, but they are very important food sources for animals in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. They also release oxygen, which is essential for animal life.

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